According to Antonio L Rappa, security technology provides an
opportunity to _________ human behaviour.
change terrorists training camps in Singapore.
energise
modify
mutilate
Incorrect. There are none of these camps in Singapore.
Also, refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Technology provides a means to invigorate
human behaviour but there is a better option here if you read
carefully. Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. Technology provides an opportunity to change
human behaviour through behaviour modification such as stem cell
research and cloning of criminals by transnational criminal
syndicates. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Technology can also be used for good. Refer
to study unit 2.
Fighting crime in modern democracies is dependent on the legal
and political system and not so much of the verbal or spoken tribal
conditions. Identify the statement that ACCURATELY explains
this.
A system that values the law over the oral
tradition.
A tribal system in place that values the oral
tradition over the legal one.
One may have a system in place but the flexibility
of the system is important
An interpretive modern legal system in a democracy
is less important than the village tribal
process.
Correct. One may have a system in place but the
interpretation of the laws that is important. Refer to study
unit 2.
Incorrect. This is because a tribal system is not a
modern democracy. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. The flexibility of the system is not as
important when compared to the importance of interpreting the
law. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. There are no village tribal processes in
modern democracies. Refer to study unit 2.
Identify a statement that explains the nurture model.
The society does not determine the future of a
person.
The parents’ criminality determines that the
children will become crooks.
The person born to a family of criminals will end
up getting into trouble with the law.
The person born to a family of criminals can lead
a socially responsible lifestyle.
Incorrect. Society can nurture a person to become a
good citizen. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. The parents’ criminality not necessarily
determines the children’s future. The nurture of the children
plays a significant role in changing their lifestyle. Refer to
study unit 2.
Incorrect. The person born to a family of criminals can
avoid trouble with the law if he was given nurtured to do so.
Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. The nurture model argues that society can
guide a person despite the person’s criminal family background.
Refer to study unit 2.
Identify a statement that ACCURATELY explains the essentialist
view of security.
Judging a criminal by his face saves time and
energy.
Judging a criminal by his past technical record
leads to greater productivity.
Judging a criminal by the law is the least unfair
means of prosecution.
Judging a criminal by using a technologically
advanced method such as webcams is superior than in person (or
face-to-face).
Incorrect. This is inaccurate. It brings more harm than
good. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. This phrase is a false one and it does not
lead to greater productivity. Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. This is because the law is the lowest common
denominator for organizing society in a systematic and fair
manner. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. This is untrue and webcams have not been
proven to be technologically superior to face-to-face
judgements. Refer to study unit 2.
Lombroso believed that atavism could be identified by looking
at the _______ of criminals.
values
lifestyle
appearance
attitude
Incorrect. According to Lombroso, values of a person do
not determine the criminogenic tendency of that person. Refer to
study unit 2.
Incorrect. According to Lombroso, lifestyle of a person
does not determine the criminogenic tendency of that person.
Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. The physical stigmata such as protruding jaw
used to identify criminals. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. According to Lombroso, the attitude of a
person does not determine the criminogenic tendency of that
person. Refer to study unit 2.
Ferri’s concept of ‘social defense’ promotes
__________
punishment based on features of
criminals.
rehabilitation of criminals.
punishment that deters
criminals.
punishment that incapacitates criminals for as
long as possible.
Incorrect. According to Ferri, punishment is not based
on features of criminals but rather more on long-term
incapacitation or inprisonment. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. According to Ferri, punishment is not
rehabilitation of criminals. It aims for long-term
incapacitation rather than short term ones. Refer to study unit
2.
Incorrect. According to Ferri, punishment should
include long-term incapacitation as short terms in prison do not
effectively deter criminals. Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. This is because Ferri argues in the discussion
in study unit 2 as well as elsewhere that long-term imprisonment
tends to correct and modify behaviour in a manner that is
socially more acceptable than short-term remands.
According to Garofalo, crime should be anchored in human
nature. Provide as accurate as possible a description of this belief
from the choices below.
A given act would be considered a crime if it were
universally condemned
A given act should be criminalised based on petty
legislation
Deducing the negative impact of the action on a
particular society should criminalise a given
act.
A given act should be measured based on the
intention of criminals.
Correct. Garofalo opined that such universally accepted
norms make for legitimate criminalization of specific acts that
everyone can agree are heinous and unacceptable as part of
social and political life. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Garofalo opined that criminal behaviours
should be acts that are against the community norm and
universally accepted. There is not such thing as petty
legislation. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Garofalo opined that criminal behaviours
should be classified based on universally accepted norm rather
than just any given act that would bring a negative outcome to a
particular society. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Garofalo opined that criminal behaviours
should be classified according to a universally accepted norm
rather than individualised, based on the intention of the
criminals. Refer to study unit 2.
In Security Studies, the classical school of thought has long
valued that _____________ EXCEPT
punishment should be swift and
painless.
punishment should deter people from acceptable
behaviour.
criminals are free to choose their
punishment.
Criminals are forced to perform certain acts
within their own free will.
Incorrect. Punishment should be given in a swift manner
to prevent repeated offending behaviour. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. The objective of punishment is to deter from
further offending behaviour. Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. The classical school of thought does not
believe in criminals having the freedom to choose their own
punishment because the punishment should fit the crime
regardless of what the criminal thinks should be his or her
punishment. Also, refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. The classical school of thought argues that
criminals are forced to perform certain acts not out of their
own free will. Refer to study unit 2.
According to Quetelet, the following factors affect crime
EXCEPT _________
Education
Alcohol consumption
Gender
Marital status
Incorrect. Education is a significant factor because
for the most part, the higher the education, the less heinous
the crime. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Alcohol consumption is a significant factor
because people found to have consumed alcohol were more likely
to have committed a crime because of lower inhibitions than
people who had not. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Gender is a significant factor as men are
most likely to cause heinous crimes than women although this is
not perfectly true in all cases. Refer to study unit 2.
Correct. Marital status is not a significant factor as
there appears to be no correlatin between marriage and crime.
This is not to say that married people are unlikely or more
likely to commit crimes. All this answer/choice is arguing is
that there is no causal relationship between marital status and
crime. Refer to study unit 2.
Terrorism’s six classifications may be analysed along the
following lines:
The problematic of civil disorder, the dangers of
political terrorism, religious terrorism, semi-terrorism, or
quasi-terrorism, and the most dangerous of all, state terrorism.
Analyses of environmental works, carnage during
war, the study of financial terrorists in the Sudan, aviation
terrorism, maritime terrorism, and serpentine terrorism in
Southeast Asia.
Mental disorders, political terrorism,
non-political terrorism, quasi-terrrorism, limited political
terrorism, official terrorism.
Civil disorder, martial terrorism, non-political
terrorism, quasi-terrrorism, limited political terrorism,
official terrorism.
Correct. This is the right evaluation as the various
classifications here have significant evidence in modern
politics. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. There is no such thing as serpentine
terrorism. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Mental disorders is not one of the 6
categories. State terrorism is the term that is now generally
preferred to official terrorism. Refer to study unit 2.
Incorrect. Martial disorder is not part of the 6
categories. It should be political terrorism instead. Refer to
study unit 2.